Gerund
Gerund is always V-ing but V-ing isn’t
always gerund. Because there are four functions of V-ing, they are:
1. As the verb of the sentence. It can be
found in countinuous or progressive tense. This is the function of present
participle. Example:
-
how long have you been marrying
my aunt?
-
Reza was watching movie when the
flood came
2. As the adjective. This is also the function
of present participle. Example:
-
The movie Agnes watched 3 days ago was scaring
-
Anisa has shining hair
-
Those building are scaring
3. As the noun. This function is used for
gerund. Noun can be in subject, object, modifier or after preposition. Example:
-
Smoking brings bad effect for health
-
Who likes cooking?
-
She isn’t good at singing
4. After adverb.(especially for adjective
phrase), this function is used for present participle. Example:
-
Wishing tobe a famous singer, Taufik took Indonesian idol audition
-
Standing infront of you all, I would like to deliver my speech.
Based on that explanation. Gerund takes
position as the noun. There are some functions:
a. Gerund can take position as the subject of
the sentence
When gerund takes position as the subject of the sentence, it always
brings singular verb. But, if there are 2 gerunds, it will bring plural verb.
Example:
-
Reading opens the window of the world
-
Practicing strengthens your ability
-
Loving and being loved bring peace in our heart
-
Writing books and novels takes much time
-
Collecting antique stuffs and breeding more flowers need flowers
-
Loving Rasid is the big mistake
-
Dating on satnite is exciting
-
Playing soccer needs much energy
-
Waiting for him bores everyone
-
Does teaching Eanglish bring meaningful for your life?
b. Gerund takes position as the object of
sentence
Gerund takes position as the object of the sentence is divided by 3
explanations.
1) As the object of preposition, for example:
-
Fika attended that wedding party without being invited
-
I am not interested in swimming the sea
2) As the object of certain verb
Certain verb, such as prefer, go, delay, stop, imagine, prevent, try,
regret, admit, avoid, practice, finish, report, like, hate, continue,
understand, begin, and etc. The certain verb can be followed by gerund
directly. Example:
-
Nelly prefers drinking white coffee
-
The judge denies being bribed
3) As the object of complement. For example:
-
Singing is my favourite hobby
-
Her new hobby is shopping in the mall
-
Shopping in the mall is her new favourite hobby
c. Gerund takes position as the modifier of
the noun. Gerund as the modifier of the noun is telling the function of the
noun (what the noun is for). Gerund is followed by the noun (the head).
Example: parking ticket, carving knife, sleeping bag.
d. Gerund as short prohibition
|
No + gerund
|
We don’t need to put object after gerund.
For example: no parking, no littering, no swimming, no smoking, no climbing. If
we want to put object in the sentence, we have to put it before gerund, such as
no bulls hunting.
In a sentence, gerund has many positions. They are,
a) Gerund after adjective
|
Adjective + V-ing
|
b)
The translation is noun. For example:
-
New building spends cost
-
I see beautiful painting in your living room
c) Gerund after possessive adjective. The
translation is noun, for example:
-
Your coming is wanted
-
His calling is very loud
-
Drinking water is good for your health
d) Gerund after idiomatic expression, there
are 10 kinds of idiomatic expressions
i.
It/there is no use :
tidak ada gunanya
ii.
It/there is no fun :
tak ada senangnya
iii.
It/there is no good :
tak ada baiknya
iv.
It/there is no harm in :
tak ada salahnya
v.
It/there is no point in :
tak ada nilainya/gunanya
vi.
It is worth :
bermanfaat
vii.
Can’t stand :
can’t bear/endure
viii.
Can’t help :
can’t stand/prevent
ix.
Would you mind + gerund :
apakah kamu keberatan
x.
Go + gerund :
to express recreational activity
Example:
-
Is there any use staying up?
-
Is there much use doing exercise regularly?
-
There is no fun having possessive darling
-
Is there any fun being led?
-
Is there any fun working under pressure?
-
There is no fun being indifferent
-
There is so much good making affair
-
Is there any harm asking for help?
-
It is worth jogging in the morning
-
Pork and liquor are not worth consuming for muslims
-
No one can stand being bullied
-
Students can’t help staying at the boarding house
-
Would you mind not smoking infront of me?
-
She went camping last week, let’s go fishing!
e) Gerund after time, for example:
-
I attend in summer camp
-
Weekly meeting is used to improve our speech
f) Gerund after number.
Ordinal number brings singular verb and
cardinal number brings plural number, for example:
-
Jakarta has 25 towers
-
First calling makes my heart beating
-
One third that writing is uneraserable
g) Gerund after demonstrative question word
(whose, which, what, how many), for example: whose drawing is this?
h) Gerund after preposition
Gerund after preposition has 2 kinds, they are:
i.
Free preposition : by, with, without, before, for, after. Example:
-
In a big firm, he runs an online business
-
He went home by driving his own car
ii.
Bound preposition (terikat), it is divided by 3 kinds. They are:
I.
Adjective preposition
There are some adjective preposition that we can use in gerund such as,
sorry for, afraid/scared of, interested in, capable of, worried about,
accustomed to, skill at, good at, bad at, clever at, keen on, and ancient with.
For example:
-
she is sorry for not coming on time
-
who is successful in that tender?
-
Is she afraid of driving?
II.
Noun + preposition + gerund
Before we put noun preposition, we can use determiner. We can use these
noun preposition, they are reason for, excuse for, objection to, hope of/for,
success in, interest in, skill at, meaning of, right of, apology for,
difficulty in, surprise at, method of, responsible for, accuse of, experience
in, process of. For example:
-
Melati best her hope of studying
in USA
-
Hanif likes her method of teaching children
-
There is no objection helping the poor
-
Show me the meaning of being lonely
-
Do you have the skill at playing futsal?
-
He rejected the offer of being
transferd to work in papua
-
The scientist show the people their capability of healing an uneurable
desease
-
Will you accept his apology for betraying you?
III.
Verb + preposition + gerund
The verb which is followed by preposition used in gerund, such as think
of, think about, depend on, insist on, focus on, thank for, forgive for, accuse
of, suspect of, fine for, stop from, prevent from. Example:
-
Eka dreamt about fighting with a big snake
-
Who often dreams of going sight seeing in Paris?
-
Putra objects to studying on Sunday
-
Is he suspected of stealing her girlfriend’s money?
-
The traffic police fine a motor ride for not wearing a helmet
i)
Gerund after other verb
There are some gerunds which are put after
other verb. They are,
1. Verb has a passive meaning
a. Deserve = layak/pantas
Example: this food doesn’t deserve eating anymore
b. Want = ingin
Example: no one wants blaming for that case
c. Need = perlu
Example: your English needs sharpening everytime
d. Require = butuh
Example: his mission requires introducing to public
2. Verb has active meaning
It has form S/V (O) + Ving + obj + adverb. The verbs which are used in
this form like admit and risk. If we use to infinitive for this form of
sentence is wrong. Example:
-
that man admits having 5 wives
-
Many students risk losing their pen
3. S + V + V-ing + obj + adverb
If you want to use gerund or to infinitive, it has same meaning. Such as
begin, start, continue, prefer, love, learn, intend, hate, can’t stand, can’t
help. Example: you learn to drive = you learn driving
4. Different meaning
1) Try
+ gerund = do something the first time, try + to infinitive = exercise/effort
2) Like + gerund = suka, like + to V1 = lebih
suka
3) Go on + gerund = continue in the same
action. Go on + to V1 = continue but different action
4) Remember + gerund = remember something part
time, remember + V1 = ingat untuk
5) Regret + gerund = menyesal telah, regret +
to V1 = dengan berat hati
6) Forget + gerund = lupa... telah, forget +
toV1 = lupa untuk
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