reported speech

Direct-indirect

The condition of it

1.      If the sentence explains about simple present, present perfect, simple future in the main clause. So, the tenses, adverb, and subject are constant.

2.      If the sentence explains about simple past in the main clause. So, tenses and subject must be changed.

3.      Main clause = reported speech atau induk kalimat yang melapor.

4.      Sub clause = reported verb atau anak kalimat/ kata-kata yang dilaporkan.

I, me, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves = subject

You, you, yours, yourself/yourselves = object

She, her, hers, herself, he, his, him, himself, they, their, theirs, them, themselves are constant.

There are some parts of direst indirect speech:

a.       Statement

1)      Simple present, present perfect, simple future as main clause

a)      D = he says to her,” I meet you today”

I = he says to her that he meets her today

b)      D = she will say to them,” I would be yours”

I = she will say to them that she would be theirs

c)      D = they have said,” uncle is angry in this room”

I = they have said that he is angry in this room.

Movement of tenses

1        2          3          4

                                       

5         6          7         8

 

  9        10        11        12

 

  13      14        15        16

                                       

Movement of modal

Direct	indirect
Can	Could + V1
Could	Could+ have + V3
May	Might+V1
Might	Might+have+V3
Must/have to/ has to	Had to+ V1

Movement adverb of place and time

Direct	Indirect
Now	Then
Today	That day
Tonight	That night
Next week	The following week
Next....	The following...
Yesterday	The day before
Last night	The night before
Last...	The..... before
Here	There
This	That
these	those

b.      Question word

Example:

1)       D = She asks,” who is your mother?”

I = she asks who my mother is

2)      D = Chandra asked,” why will I meet you?”

I = Chandra asked why he would meet me.

c.       Imperative

Example:

1)      D = syifa tells,” take it”

I = syifa tells to take it

2)      D = Rohan told,” don’t be naughty!”

I = Rohan told not to be naughty

d.      Suggestion

1)      D = Kim told,” let’s do it!”

I =  Kim suggested doing it

2)      D = Reyhan tells,” let’s do it!”

I = Reyhan suggests going home