elliptical structure

ELLIPTICAL STRUCTURE

a.       (+) the function : to join positive statements that have the same grammar and structure but they have different subject.

 (and) so... aux + S

(and) S + aux +.... too

Example:

Ø  She is good at cooking, so is her sister

Ø  She is good at cooking, her sister is too

Ø  Plants will die someday and so will animals

Ø  Plants will die someday and animals will too

If there are 2 auxiliries, only the first auxiliary be used. After preposition is object.

b.      (-) the function : to join two negative statements that have the same grammar and structure, but the subject are different.

(and) neither....

(and)........ either

Example:

Ø  Crocodiles can’t fly and cows can’t either

Ø  Crocodiles can’t fly and neither can cows

Ø  Rudy isn’t skilled at ice skating and neither is Rony

Ø  Rudy isn’t skilled at ice skating and Rony isn’t either

Not only..... but also

Not only.... but..... as well....

 Function: to balance as qualifier

Noun can be in subject or subject

Not only + noun + but also + noun

                 verb                        verb

                 adjective            adjective

                  adverb              adverb

                a phrase              a phrase

example :

v  We drink not only plain water but also sweet water

v  We drink not only plain water but  sweet water as well

v  He is speaking English not only at BEC but in their boarding house

v  Iwan Fals not only plays musical instrument but also sings a song on the stage

(+) not only.... but also...

      Not only.... but .... as well

(-) neither............nor.....

     Either....... or.......

When it is used in subject position, the determiner is the subject that’s closest to the verb

Example:

v  He is neither a factory worker nor a taxi driver

v  He isn’t either a factory worker or a taxi driver

v  The moon is neither a planet nor an asteroid

v  The moon isn’t either a planet or an asteroid

v  She may stay here another night or leave right now

v  You can stay either in a camp or a boarding house

v  They can go tho stool either on foot or by a bike

Both.... and....

Both + noun and noun

          Verb and verb

     Adjective and adjective

     Adverb and adverb

Example:

Ø  Both spoken English and written English are support your career in the future

Ø Advertisement influence both people’s spending habit and lifestyle

Ø Iwan fals can play both a guitar and harmonica at the same time