conditional sentence

  Conditional sentence

Conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian. Ada beberapa macam kalimat pengandaian, yaitu

1.      Future Possible

Function: digunakan untuk mengandaikan suatu perbuatan yang mungkin terjadi pada masa yang akan datang. Perbuatan akan terpenuhi jika syaratnya terpenuhi.

Basic form = If +  simple present + simple future

                     Simple future + If + simple present

Example : if you eat spicy food, you will get stomachache

Variations:

1)      If + simple present + simple present

Expresses an automatic result, for example:

·    If base react with acid, they produce salt and water

·   If water frozen under 0’C for along time, it turns into ice

·   The prices od the product go up if there is a shortage of that product

·   If you keep moving in the quick sense, your body sinks deeper and deeper

·   If there is no light of the sun, there is no life on the earth

·   If you heat water over and over, it turns into gas

2)      If + simple present + can/ may

Can : ability, permission, possibility

May : permission, possibility, example :

·   If you study harder, you can/may get the best one of TC 123

·   Popeye can do anything if he eats spinach

·   Ana, if you withdraw money, can you lend me some ?

·   If you eat more carbohydrate, you will get diabetes

·   If there is nothing to do, can I go home ?

·   If you stay in garden hall after midnight, you may see the children playing in the second floor

·   She can buy everything if she wins the competition

3)      If + simple present + the expressions of advice/ suggestion (should, had better, ought to, be supposed to) , expression of command (must, have to, V1, have got to), and expression of request (would, could, would you like to V1, would you mind + Ving/gerund). For example :

·   If her fever gets worse, she should go to the doctor

·   Don’t go, if you don’t like !

·   If she loves you no more, leave her soon!

·   Would you like to accompany me if you have nothing to do

·   You must memorize vocabularies, if you have to know them all

·   You had better wear helmet if you ride motorbike

·   She should consult to a doctor i she gets sick

·   Could you lend me money if you get your salary?

·   If she is free, would you mind inviting her to your party ?

4)      If + present continuous + free

The function: to express the activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking and express a positive future (the future that certainly happens) Example,

·   If they are waiting for the bus, they should go to a bus stop

·   If you are looking for UIN information, please come to  UIN website

·   If Ronald is getting married next June, he should invite us

5)      If + present perfect + free

The function : to express something that has been perfectly or completely done. Example:

·   If she has written her letter, let me mail it!

·   He had better take a rest, if he has finished doing his duty

2.      Present Unreal

Function: digunakan untuk mengandaikan suatu perbuatan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan sekarang. Jadi, peristiwa itu tidak terjadi karena syaratnya tidak terpenuhi.

Basic form : if + simple past + simple past future

Fact : simple present

Example :  if she were a minister, she would be rich woman

Fact : she is not a minister, so she is not rich woman or she is only a butcher

The fact must not be negative sentence from basic formula. There are some functions of conditional sentence type 2. They are

a.       To express something or condition that is contrary to know the fact at present. For example, if they had free time right now, they would help. The fact is they are busy.

b.      To express the condition or something that we don’t expect to happen (imagination place). For example, if my father left my mother for another woman, i would kill them both. The fact = i never expect that my father will leave my mother.

There are some variations of conditional sentence type 2

1)        Would can be replaced by using could or might, shows a certain result (pasti). For example,

·         if you were not diligent, you would be unsuccess. Could shows an ability.

·         You could answer the question easily, if you understood the lesson so well. Might shows a possibility.

·         If you didn’t wear a helmet when riding a motorbike, you might be fined by a traffic policeman.

·         If you had a long hand, you could take the star in the sky with your own hand

2)        Past future can be replaced by past future continuous. The fact is in progress/present continuous. You have to mention spesific time. For example,

·   If I were with my husband right now, I would be talking with him. The fact = I’m teaching, so i am not talking with my husband now.

·  If Riza were in his boarding house now, he would be sleeping. The fact = he is studying English in the class now.

3)        Simple past can be replaced by past continuous or

 If + past continuous + free. For example,

·  If we were not studying now, we would be lying on the bed resting

·  If people in 217 room were not making noise, we would feel much happier or more comfortable

·  If it was still raining outside, we might feel colder

3.      Past Unreal

Function : the supposition didn’t happen in the past because the time is over.

Basic formula = if +  past perfect + past  future perfect

Fact = simple past

Example : if the accident had not happened, his father would not have died. The fact = he lost his father in an accident or the accident happened so, his father died. There are some variations of conditional sentence type 3, they are

1)        Would is replaced by could or might.for exmple,

·         The accident might not happened if Doel had not driven a car by himself

·         If I had had pulse in my mobile phone, I could have called you last night

2)      If + past perfect + past future perfect continuous, the fact is past continuous. For example,

·   If Jessica had been studying with us this time yesterday, she would have been studying with us

·  If you had been at home at 07.00 o’clock last night, you might have been talking with your uncle

3)        If + past perfect continuous + past future perfect continuous, the fact is past continuous. For example: if Fauzi had not been sleeping this time, he would have been studying in the class.